Rhodesian Railways at War – Nongqai Vol 17 No 5B

Rhodesian Railways at War – Nongqai Vol 17 No 5B RHODESIA’S RAILWAYS AT WAR Gerry van Tonder It is with some irony that the country that was Rhodesia from 1890 to 1980 was twice forced to armour-protect her rail transport against belligerent forces: once in the late...
THE PIVOT OF AN EMPIRE – Walter Volker

THE PIVOT OF AN EMPIRE – Walter Volker

Walter Volker Abstract: Analysing the Strategic Redirection of Soviet Military Assets from the Afghan Theatre to the Angolan Civil War [1987-1989]. Article by military historian Walter Volker in Nongqai Magazine. Keywords: Soviet Military Assets, Afghanistan, South...
Start of the Angola-South Africa Bush War: 1966-1989. Wolfgang Witschas

Start of the Angola-South Africa Bush War: 1966-1989. Wolfgang Witschas

The Start of the Border War (1966 – 1989) and The History of the South African Police (SAP) Counter Insurgency (COIN) Unit Wolfgang Witschas Abstract The Battle of Ongulumbashe (also known as Omugulugwombashe), or Operation Blouwildebees, was a pivotal clash...
How National Security Policy is formulated – Helmoed Romer Heitman

How National Security Policy is formulated – Helmoed Romer Heitman

How National Security Policy is Formulated Nongqai – Helmoed Römer Heitman – January 2, 2026 Abstract: National Security, National Interests, Threat Perception, Threat Analysis, Development of National Security Policy, South Africa, Intelligence Requirements...
Irregular Forces: Informal, Commercial and Criminal (3) – Helmoed Romer Heitman

Irregular Forces: Informal, Commercial and Criminal (3) – Helmoed Romer Heitman

Irregular Forces: Informal, Commercial, and Criminal Helmoed Römer Heitman Key Words: Helmoed Romer Heitman, Irregular Forces, Guerilla Forces, Protection Forces, Self-armed Forces In addition to the classic guerrilla forces, whether fully irregular or government...
Irregular Forces: Informal, Commercial and Criminal (3) – Helmoed Romer Heitman

IRREGULAR FORCES – STATE-BACKED INSURGENCIES IN AFRICA (2) – Helmoed Römer Heitman

Irregular Forces – State-Backed Insurgencies in Africa Helmoed Römer Heitman – Nongqai The most common concept of irregular forces is that of guerrilla forces engaged in insurgency against a government. It is also generally understood and accepted that for an...